Cyberspace Strategic Outlook 2030

Abstract：This volume of edited papers is intended to help inform decision-makers so they better understand the critical features of, and differences among, the various cyber threats we face. Threat actors are increasingly seeking to destabilise the Alliance through the cyber domain by employing malicious cyber activities and campaigns below the threshold of an armed attack. Early in the decade of the 2000s, NATO developed its cyber capabilities as a purely technical issue. Cyber defence first became part of NATO’s core task of collective defence in 2014. Allied heads of state and government endorsed NATO’s Comprehensive Cyber Defence Policy in June 2021, further incorporating cyber defence into NATO’s broader approach of deterrence and defence. These changes build upon the important understanding that the cyber domain must properly align with NATO strategic decision-making.