The Military Use of Small Satellites in Orbit

Abstract：The number of small satellites in orbit has increased rapidly over the last decade, and the growth of this sector is expected to accelerate even more in coming years. In 2011, fewer than 100 satellites weighing less than 600 kilograms (kg) were launched into Earth’s orbit. In 2020, more than 1,200 such satellites were launched – the vast majority of which were owned by commercial entities. 1 Licenses have been issued to allow the launch of thousands more. These trends have important implications for military users around the world. Small satellites offer unique capabilities and economic opportunities, but also pose new threats. This briefing provides an overview of benefits, weaknesses, and strategic implications of small satellite technology, discusses current government and commercial efforts in this area, and addresses potential future developments.